By Herman H. Shugart, Rik Leemans, Gordon B. Bonan
ISBN-10: 0511565488
ISBN-13: 9780511565489
ISBN-10: 0521405467
ISBN-13: 9780521405461
ISBN-10: 0521619734
ISBN-13: 9780521619738
The boreal forests of the realm, geographically located to the south of the Arctic and customarily north of range 50 levels, are thought of to be one of many earth's most vital terrestrial ecosystems by way of their power for interplay with different worldwide scale platforms, resembling weather and anthropologenic task. This publication, built through a global panel of ecologists, offers a synthesis of the $64000 styles and techniques which happen in boreal forests and reports the important mechanisms which keep watch over the forests' trend in area and time. the results of chilly temperatures, soil ice, bugs, plant pageant, wildfires and climatic swap at the boreal forests are mentioned as a foundation for the advance of the 1st international scale desktop version of the dynamical swap of a biome, capable of undertaking the switch of the boreal wooded area over timescales of many years to millennia, and over the worldwide quantity of this wooded area.
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Extra resources for A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest
Example text
Betula alba L. , Betula alba subsp. pubescens Rgl. Distribution B. pubescens is found in western Europe, in the European USSR (except in the northern- and southernmost parts), in west and central Siberia except in the northernmost areas, and in northern Kazakhstan (Sokolov, Svyaseva & Kubly 1977). It is also found in the Caucasus (Bonnemann & Rohrig 1971). Its distribution is shown in Fig. 4. Habitat B. pubescens occurs further north than B. pendula (Bonnemann & Rohrig 1971). In the north, on poor and acidic soils, it forms the foresttundra border (Sokolov, Svyaseva & Kubly 1977).
L. gmelinii grows well in river valleys and flooded sites. In these stands it occurs in association with Picea obovata or Picea ajanensis, Pinus sibirica and sometimes with Populus suaveolens and Chosenia arbutifolia. The understorey consists of Cornus alba, Crataegus sanguinea, Alnus fruticosa, Sorbaria sorbifolia, Sorbus sibirica, Lonicera edulis, Ribes pallidiflorum, Spirea salicifolia and Spirea media. Life history L. gmelinii is a coniferous, deciduous species. It is monoecious and anemophilous.
Nikolov and H. Helmisaari Nutrients B. pendula can grow on very poor soils (Hempel & Wilhelm 1897; Bonnemann & Rohrig 1972) but is has a higher nutrient demand than Pinus sylvestris (Haritonovitsh 1968). Fire and frost B. pendula can survive forest fires (Kellomaki 1987) and is very frosttolerant (Hempel & Wilhelm 1897); Haritonovitsh 1968; Bonnemann & Rohrig 1972). It is also resistant to frosts in late spring and early autumn (Haritonovitsh 1968). Flooding and windstorm B. pendula does not tolerate prolonged flooding (Sokolov, Svyaseva & Kubly 1977).